This article describes the extent and nature of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the activities of communitybased organisations in rural Poland.The analytical foundation of the study is the research carried out in 2021 on a sample of three hundred and thirty-three rural NGOs.The negative and positive impact of the pandemic on the activities o

Long-term European experience with the plague and other epidemics has established a set of governance Electric Jug Element practices to limit the spread of disease, such as quarantine, lock-down of public life and reduction of economic activities etc.They have now returned during the COVID-19 crisis.However, it seems that the memory of European con

How does the introduction of information technology (IT) influence production systems? This paper reveals two important changes by introducing information technology (IT) into a production system in the case of the Japanese anime industry.In particular, it focuses on the production system and the relationship between outsourcing and in-house produc